The Ethics Of The Bioethics - 1094 Words

Introduction. â€Å"Bioethics† has been used in the last twenty years to describe a study of ways in which decisions in medicine and science touch our health, lives, as well our society, and environment. Bioethics is concerned with questions about basic human values such as the rights to life and health, and the rightness or wrongness of certain developments in healthcare institutions, life technology, and medicine. For this week s assignment, I will conduct independent research for current bioethical issues. I will provide three examples of current, bioethical issues and explain the surrounding ethical issues. As well as discuss the importance of the conscience clause. And whether healthcare workers and facilities should have the ability to†¦show more content†¦Then we have Euthanasia, should terminally ill children and adults be allowed to opt for euthanasia? Euthanasia is legal in several countries including Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, and Switzerland! Assisted suicide for terminally ill patients is also available in the U.S. - in Washington, Oregon, Vermont, and Montana. Euthanasia is the intentional and painless taking of the life of another person, by act or omission, for compassionate motives. The word comes from the Ancient Greek language which is interpreted as ‘good death. Jewish and Christian thinkers have opposed suicide as inconsistent with the human good and with responsibilities to God. Other individuals suggest that medical treatment should not be provided to severely ill and disabled patients reflects a similar objective view. And then you have some individuals who think that a person should be able to make their own decision. And that there are ill and pained, individuals who have been giving a limited number of days to live, who want to end it all. These are the issues we as humans must face. And finally, we have human cloning, should scientist be able to create a genetically identical copy of a human? The ethics of human clonin g has become a great issue in the past few years. the American Medical Association (AMA) defined cloning as â€Å"the production of genetically identical organisms via somatic cell nuclear transfer. ‘Somatic cell nuclear transfer’ refers toShow MoreRelatedThe Ethics Of The Bioethics1126 Words   |  5 PagesEthics makes many people nervous it shows that there is no right or wrong answer when it pertains to healthcare and the wellbeing of a patient. In the 1960’s, it was proven that bioethics was the cornerstone of ethical issues and all of them were driven by problems stemming from advances in medicine and biology. These issues were moving from the old ways of medical ethics which brought about bioethics to capture these complexities. Bioethics captured this wide net moving from intimate doctor relationshipsRead MoreEthics Paper : Bioethics And Medical Ethics1101 Words   |  5 PagesAmanda Keith May 10, 2016 BIOETHICS MEDICAL ETHICS PHILOSOPHY 345 Case Study #4 (1) What is the central ethical issue in the case? Chuck Held is an emergency room nurse who is being paged to the Emergency Room since an outbreak of a more virulent form of H1N1 has been confirmed in his city. He has a family, consisting of a 2-year-old son, two golden retrievers and a partner, whom is also a nurse working in another area of the hospital. He worries that he may be quarantined when arriving atRead MoreNews And Bioethics: The Ethics Of Human Genome Editing.989 Words   |  4 PagesNews and Bioethics: The Ethics of Human Genome Editing Technology and science have changed the way society views the future. Reproductive technology, bio-medical technology, and even simple household appliances have changed how people live, think, and interact. According to Science Daily, scientists are researching another technological advancement to look forward to in the future, human genome editing. Human genome editing is a form of genome therapy. Genome Therapy refers to the removal of faultyRead MoreResolving Bioethical Issues Is No Easy Task1442 Words   |  6 Pagesprinciplism. Principlism is an approach often used within bioethics that â€Å"appeals to general principles or rules to arrive at a more specific moral conclusion through some form of inference† (Tomlinson 1). While principles are important in ethical reasoning, they are just one method for analyzing bioethical issues. In this essay, I will explicate what is meant by the statement, â€Å"principles are necessary but not sufficient for work in bioethics† and in doing so, I will provide arguments in concurrenceRead MoreHistory Of American Medical Ethics825 Words   |  4 Pages While the history of American medical ethics dates back four centuries (Baker, 2013), it is critical to differentiate between what was strictly medical ethics; the ethics between physician and patient, physician and physician, and physician and community versus bioethics: all of the aforementioned with the addition of scientific research involving human subjects â€Å"†¦in reaction to researchers’ exploitation of vulnerable populations, most notably the 399 African-American males deceived into servingRead MoreA Reflection On My Career Goals998 Words   |  4 Pagespivotal moment in my life. After taking Social Ethics offered by the philosophy department, I realized that what I was doing all along was philosophizing. Philosophy became the missing piece to my puzzle. I began to connect philosophy to life and to law. Confronted with my own health issues, I saw the connection between life, ethics, law and medicine. I found bioethics. Soaking in the principles of biomedical ethics, I took interest in clinical ethics consultation, medical decision-making, and theRead MoreEssay on Ethical Viewpoint1447 Words   |  6 PagesBioethics Interview 1 Bioethics Interview Jennifer D. Williams HLT-520 Legal amp; Ethical Principles in Healthcare Dr. Damien Brandeis April 13, 2011 Bioethics Interview 2 Individuals find themselves having to make important decisions every day. Unfortunately situations may occur that prevents a person from being able to make a decision about their medical care. The decision can be a legal or ethical one. In the medical arena someone has to make this tough decisionRead MoreThe Value Of Teaching Bioethics781 Words   |  4 Pages The value of teaching bioethics does not have a long history, as indicated by Siegler (2001,10), who places the onset in the 1970’s, with little data to indicate its success. Adam, Diekema, and Mercurio (2011, 8) , when referring to pediatric residents, cite: â€Å"45% of pediatric residents queried in a 2004 study rated their ethics education as fair to poor (Kesselheim et al).† From an individual perspective, Dr. Atul Gawande, in his book, Being Mortal (2014), drives home several important pointsRead MoreBioethics in Medicine, Exemplified by the Karen Ann Quinlan Case882 Words   |  4 Pag esIt is accepted that the advances in resuscitation techniques, initiated and influenced the evolution of bioethics by bringing to the fore the questions of: (i) just allocation of scarce medical resource, health care (ii) the nature of â€Å"being†, and (iii) the proper purpose of medicine. The main issues that caused the emergence, or the study and introduction of bioethics was the introduction of modern technology in medicine in the form of respirators and artificial heart machines. The media attentionRead MoreThe Nursing Code Of Ethics Essay1164 Words   |  5 PagesAs described in Black, ethics and morals are defining characteristics that guide nursing care. Each play a particular role in the efficacy of each nurse and the way he or she performs within the scope of practice. Morals are established as a rule of conduct in any situation provided and once a nurse is aware of one’s personal beliefs and values, safe and effective client care can be delivered through ethical decision making. Ethical decision making involves a critical analysis of actions before

Iron Crowned Chapter 15 Free Essays

string(29) " his eyes made me step back\." I had two immediate reactions to this. One was that Dorian could wait around forever; he had no right to demand anything of me. My other reaction was outrage that he could come traipsing into my home when I was banned from his. We will write a custom essay sample on Iron Crowned Chapter 15 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Admittedly, that was my own fault. I hadn’t put down any hospitality rules to keep him out. As such, he’d be welcomed like any other non-enemy monarch – particularly by my people. I considered simply sending Volusian to revoke hospitality but then tossed that idea aside. I’d take care of this myself. I drove out to the gateway by my home as fast as I could without getting a ticket and then crossed over to the anchor inside my castle. Once there, I hurried through the halls, oblivious to servants’ startled stares. I knew where Dorian would be. My people would have received him in the nicest chamber, the one befitting any visiting monarch. Sure enough. Dorian sat inside the parlor, lounging in a central chair with Shaya, Rurik, and others sitting around him. He looked like he was holding court in his own castle. My anger doubled. Everyone except him jumped up at my sudden approach, giving hasty bows. â€Å"Out,† I snapped. â€Å"All of you. And shut the door.† My words left no question about who exactly I wanted out. Dorian didn’t move, but the rest scurried to obey my orders. I saw Shaya and Rurik exchange looks with each other, no doubt worried what was going to happen with the two monarchs they loved. Once we were alone, I turned on Dorian. â€Å"What the hell are you doing here?† He regarded me coolly, face perfectly at ease. â€Å"Visiting, as is my right. There’s nothing that says I can’t. Unless you’re revoking my hospitality?† â€Å"I should,† I said, stepping forward with fists clenched. â€Å"I should have my guards throw you out on your ass.† He snorted and absentmindedly smoothed a piece of his long hair. â€Å"Good luck with that. They’d throw you out first, if I gave the order.† â€Å"So that’s why you’re here? To start a rebellion in my own kingdom?† â€Å"No. I’m here to remind you of your responsibilities to your kingdom – since you’ve clearly forgotten.† â€Å"Really?† I crossed my arms across my chest in an effort to stop myself from doing something stupid. â€Å"I think you’ve forgotten what I’ve done for my kingdom. Say, like, saving it from disaster. And risking my life for that fucking crown so that we could finally have peace.† â€Å"If memory serves, you caused that disaster when you created an inhospitable desert.† His voice was still damnably calm. â€Å"And that crown is doing you no good.† â€Å"Didn’t you hear me? We have peace. The fighting’s stopped.† â€Å"The fighting’s temporarily stopped. Katrice is playing you, and you’re letting her. She’s dragging her feet, using this negotiation delay to figure out a way out of this. If you really want to end the war once and for all, you need to get involved and let her know you’re serious. Wave the crown around. Dare her to call your bluff. Show her you’re in control and stop all of this for real.† I gave a harsh laugh. â€Å"That’s so typical of you. Attempting to pull the strings, as usual. You don’t even have the crown, but you’re telling me what to do with it.† Dorian shot up from the chair, smooth features breaking into annoyance. â€Å"I am remembering what it means to be a king. I’m not running away and letting others deal with things that seem too hard.† â€Å"Right,† I said, keeping an eye on the distance between us. â€Å"Getting the crown was easy. Which is why, of course, you were right out there with me.† He narrowed his eyes. â€Å"You know I would have if I could. So I did the only thing I could: I got you out there after it.† â€Å"By lying!† I exclaimed. I tried to keep my voice strong, letting anger be the only emotion to slip, but grief cracked me a little. â€Å"By creating an elaborate set-up with Masthera in the hope I’d seize more land for us. Why do you not see how wrong that was?† â€Å"Was it?† His volume was starting to match my own. I’d so rarely seen emotion seize him, and it was both terrible and beautiful. â€Å"Do you think our people think it’s wrong? The ones whose homes are no longer in danger? The ones who are alive because of this? The crown bought that, and you’re going to ruin it all if you don’t force her into talks! Not only that, by not acting, you’re letting what Leith did to you go unpunished.† â€Å"Oh, he got punished,† I said. â€Å"Yes,† agreed Dorian coldly. â€Å"By me. Something you seem to have forgotten, now that you’ve jumped back into bed with that animal.† â€Å"Kiyo isn’t part of this. And what you did isn’t enough to obligate me to stay in a relationship with someone who constantly deceives me.† Dorian turned away, putting his back to me. Somehow, this was more insulting than all the glares in the world. â€Å"I can only assume this is human logic. Achieving peace by bending the truth is deceitful. The greatest sin in the world. But infidelity is moral and just.† â€Å"It’s not! And I wasn’t – I didn’t cheat on you. As far as I was concerned, we were through. I was free to do whatever I wanted.† â€Å"Obviously.† I didn’t want to show any weakness in front of him, but the thing was, part of me still questioned if having sex with Kiyo back in the forest had been right or not. I’d even felt conflicted at the time. I’d let my impulses win out, using muddled logic to satisfy both my lust and need for revenge. â€Å"Look,† I said, trying to calm myself down. â€Å"I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings – â€Å" He spun around so sharply that my words dropped. I didn’t fear Dorian, not with my power and in my home, but something in his eyes made me step back. You read "Iron Crowned Chapter 15" in category "Essay examples" â€Å"Queen Eugenie,† he said formally. â€Å"Don’t trouble yourself over my ‘feelings.’ Replacing you in my bed isn’t that difficult. You have too high an opinion of yourself in that regard.† Those words slapped me in the face, despite all the reasonable parts of my brain screaming at me that it didn’t matter. I had no reason to care what he did. No reason to care about him. â€Å"So,† I said, matching his tone. â€Å"Ysabel has a place to sell her skills again.† â€Å"Very good ones,† he agreed. â€Å"The question now is if you’re going to use yours. Put Katrice in her place. Get her to negotiate so that we can get the concessions we deserve. Stop acting like a human.† â€Å"I am human. You keep forgetting that.† He studied me up and down, giving me the opportunity to do the same to him. You don’t care, you don’t care, I told myself, trying to push aside how much I’d loved that gorgeous face. â€Å"No,† he said at last, contempt in his voice. â€Å"It’s impossible to forget. You’re acting like one now, refusing to do the right thing just because I’ve asked you to. You’re being contrary out of spite.† He strode toward the door. â€Å"If you don’t act soon, you’ll regret it.† I didn’t like him being the one to end this conversation. It was more of him always having the power. â€Å"Are you threatening me?† Dorian put his hand on the door’s handle and glanced at me over his shoulder. â€Å"No. I’m not the threat. Katrice is. And while you keep going on and on about how much I’ve wronged you and lied to you, I can say with absolute certainty that what I’ve just told you is the truth.† â€Å"Noted.† Hastily, I made an attempt at acting like the queen around here. â€Å"You can go now. And don’t come back.† That earned me a half smile, though there wasn’t much humor in it. â€Å"Are you revoking my hospitality?† I hesitated. â€Å"No. I’m above that. I’ll just assume you’ll do the right thing and stay the hell away from me.† â€Å"Noted,† he replied, imitating my earlier tone. He opened the door and walked away without another look. I stared at the empty space where he’d been, wondering who’d come out on top of that argument. By the time I emerged and found Shaya, Dorian had already left my castle for his own lands. She asked nothing about what had transpired with him, but worry was written all over her face. â€Å"How close are we?† I demanded. â€Å"How close are we to sitting down with Katrice and writing up a treaty?† Shaya paled, and I realized I had turned my anger at Dorian on her. â€Å"Not as close as I’d like. She agreed †¦ she agreed she’d come in person, but only if the talks were held in the Willow Land. Queen Maiwenn has agreed, but Dor – King Dorian says that’s unacceptable. He suggests the Linden Land or the Maple Land. Katrice refuses.† Linden and Maple. Kingdoms both staunchly neutral. Maiwenn theoretically was too. She’d always put on the pretense of friendship, and I was certain Kiyo would endorse her hospitality. But something about it made me uneasy. I didn’t want to support Dorian †¦ but then I realized that instinct came from exactly what he’d warned me of: wanting to oppose him just out of spite. Our personal mess aside, he was my ally. Neutral ground was best for us. â€Å"Reiterate Dorian’s stance,† I said. â€Å"Linden or Maple. I’m going back to Tucson. Let me know what happens.† Shaya opened her mouth, to protest or beg for help, I couldn’t say. Dorian’s words came back to me. Get actively involved. â€Å"Wave the crown† and make Katrice agree to our terms. No. On that, I wouldn’t agree with him. I wouldn’t use that crown like he wanted me too, even as a threat. â€Å"That’ll be all,† I told Shaya. She nodded, obedient as always. The look on her face as I left made me feel a little guilty. Maybe I could make things easier for her. Maybe I could expedite all this. But for now, there was literally no harm being done. What could Katrice’s stalling achieve? If she began hostilities again, she ran the risk of facing the crown she obviously feared. My people were safe. The waiting was frustrating, but it had to end soon. I’d told Dorian I was human, and that’s what I intended to be. I would go home, start following up on jobs, and let the gentry deal with this red tape until I was absolutely needed. And that was exactly what I did. I returned to my old life. Kiyo and I continued dating, and being with him, reestablishing our old connection and sex life, went a long way toward blocking out images of beautiful, voluptuous Ysabel in Dorian’s bed. My workload increased – as did my income – though my jobs tired me out more than I was used to. That scared me. It made me think about what it meant to be human and gentry. I’d fought to keep my human side dominant. Was the gentry part taking over? Stunting my shamanic abilities? No, I firmly decided. This was stress, pure and simple. In the two weeks that followed, though, I had to concede to my gentry side occasionally. The Thorn Land called to me, so I continued my quick visits, keeping the land strong and – no matter how much I hated to admit it – strengthening myself. Unfortunately, I took little joy from that because no good news ever came from the Otherworld. Katrice kept switching back and forth. Yes, she’d agree to the Maple Land – no, she’d changed her mind. Linden. But only if ambassadors went first, then the monarchs. No – she’d go. But it was back to the Willow Land. Or maybe some place altogether different? What about the Palm Land? Dorian made no attempts at direct contact with me, but there was no need. When I went to bed each night, I could see his face. Wave the crown, wave the crown. Fortunately, my aggressive workload tired me out enough to fall asleep quickly. Good news of sorts finally came one day when Kiyo and I were out hiking. The temperature had shot up, heralding spring, and I’d welcomed the break from work. Traipsing through the wilderness was something Dorian would certainly never do – especially in the desert. But like me, Kiyo appreciated the rugged beauty and heat of the land. I’d missed these excursions with him. His eyebrows rose when my cell phone rang. â€Å"You can get a signal out here?† â€Å"Apparently.† I was as surprised as him. Looking at the ID, I saw Enrique’s name pop up. His recent reports, after that brief surge of promising news, had been clipped and vague: simple reminders that he was still working on things. I answered eagerly. â€Å"Please tell me you’ve found something.† â€Å"I have,† he said. Enrique had that smug tone from when we’d met. It had been annoying then, but now, I found it encouraging. â€Å"I finally tracked down the gun dealer and – â€Å" I didn’t hear the rest because a sudden drop in the temperature and tingling in the air heralded Volusian’s arrival. Apparently, I could get an Otherworldly signal out here too. My minion’s orders to report all urgent news trumped whatever Enrique had to say. â€Å"Hey,† I interrupted. â€Å"I’ll call you back.† â€Å"What the – â€Å" I disconnected, not giving him a chance to finish his outrage. He probably wasn’t used to being hung up on. I turned to Volusian, who waited patiently and silently for me. He was a spot of darkness on the sunny day; he seemed to suck away the light of the world. â€Å"Please,† I begged. â€Å"Please tell me Katrice has finally given in, so that we can talk.† Volusian stayed silent a few moments. I swear, it was for drama’s sake, and I felt like choking him. â€Å"No,† he said. â€Å"The Rowan Queen has not agreed to negotiations yet, although †¦ she has acted.† Kiyo and I exchanged looks. There was no way this could be good. I was also pretty sure Volusian liked delivering this news. â€Å"She’s kidnapped your sister,† he said. â€Å"And has a list of demands to be met, if you want to see Jasmine alive again.† How to cite Iron Crowned Chapter 15, Essay examples

Selection Strategies Capital Land Company â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Selection Strategies Capital Land Company? Answer: Introduction The report talks about the job analysis, job design and job specification, recruitment and selection strategies in capital land company. The capital land has been selected for the report. It also explains the recruitment and selection strategies of the company. It is the real estate company which was formed in November 2000 as a result of a merger and acquisition of Pidemco land and DBS land. It is one of the biggest Asias real estate companies in Singapore. Its headquarter is located in Singapore. The company deals in real estate products and services. The company is operating its business operations in the Chinese market. The business units of the company are capital land China, the Ascot limited, capital land Singapore and capital land mall Asia (Fine, 2012). The company is expanding its business day by day in real estate industry. Job analysis of Colliers International Job analysis is the process of gathering and studying the information relating to the responsibilities and operations of a specific employment. It is the process of systematic and logical of the business activities within a job. Further, job analysis is the process to determine Job analysis includes the job design and job specification. HR manager is responsible for the job description and job specification. The job description is the document which includes the functions, tasks, and responsibilities of a position. On the other hand, job specification is a statement which includes the essential components of employment, primary duties, qualifications and responsibilities of the candidate. The company provides the various job opportunities to the employees. Here, operation department has been selected for job analysis in Capital Land Company. The company wants to appoint operation manager to formulate the rules, policies, and plan for the growth and success of the company (Bratton Go ld, 2012). Operation Department: Operation department is the primary department of the company. The department is responsible for the various business operation and activities of the company. This department provides support to the overall organization for making strategy and plans in the organization. Therefore, the company searches an operation manager for doing the work and job in the association. As an HR manager, it is the responsibility of HR manager to appoint a good person as an operation manager with excellent potentials and capabilities. HR manager discusses the roles and responsibilities of that candidate to perform the task and job effectively. The company has an opening for the operation manager in the organization. Therefore, the HR manager analyzes and searches a potential candidate for the job. The HR person also evaluates and checks the background and qualification of the candidate. The operation manager plays a significant role in Real Estate Company. He will be accountable fo r the overall execution and operation of the leasing, sales, and property management departments. He formulates the policies and plans according to the requirements of the company. The operation manager ensures the profitability and efficiency of the organization. He manages the sales and purchase of properties for a private investor and business. He makes all the real estate contracts and responsible for them. The operation manager manages the budget and expenses of the company. Qualifications and responsibilities HR manager evaluates the qualification of an operation manager. According to the company rules and norms, the ideal person should have experience in the same industry like similar sales environment and Real Estate Company. The applicant should have a degree in real estate, business administration, finance, accounting or another related field. If the candidate comes from the same industry then he can easily understand the environment of the real estate company. He should have a basic knowledge of computers like MS office, excel, access and PowerPoint. Interpersonal and strong written skills are required for appointing a new candidate in the capital land as an operation manager. The candidate should be great negotiators with excellent communication skills and knowledge. The applicant should be creative to solve the problems and queries. The operation manager allocates the responsibilities to other employees. They maintain the coordination and cooperation in the organization. The operat ion manager is very mandatory for every large business association. He is responsible for maximum utilization of resources. The applicant maintains the coordination and cooperation among the various department in the organization. He is accountable for the routine business activities of the company. The supervise and evaluate the management and administration of the organization. The senior managers perform the various functions in the company. Thus, the senior manager should be specialized in the real estate industry. Senior managers divide the workload according to the position of the employees. The real estate operation managers make sure that the work is done by the employees is to meet the profits and revenue of the company. Mainly, they are focused on the company goals and objectives. The operation managers are also answerable for maintaining a regular and systematic record of the stock or inventory. These managers also play a significant role in Real Estate Company. They ensure the various facilities of the employees (Li, Sanders Frenkel, 2012). Job design As a member of human resource management, the HR managers are responsible for Job Design of the company which is based on the incentive and motivation, efficiency, health and safety and intellectual capacity of the employees. Job design at capital land is completed by the logical approach. There is no chance of committing any mistakes and errors. Job design is the core and primary function of human resource management and it includes the various types of contents, methods and relationship of employment in order to assure the technological and organizational requirements as well as the social and personal requirements of the employment. After the various researchers, few things have observed and monitored by the HR professional for appointing a candidate as an operation manager in the operation department, they have been discussed below (Edmans, 2012). Efficiency: The HR managers appoint those people who can do their work with efficiently and effectively because operation manager plays a significant role in every company. The company hires the operation manager after checking the efficiency and performance of employees. First, the company assigns the small tasks to the employees to measure and evaluate the efficiency and productivity of employees. Therefore, the association selects the potential and efficient employees for the organization. Thus, if the company appoints the operation manager and real estate officer in the company then it evaluates and measures the efficiency and capabilities of the candidates. HRD selects one of the best suitable candidates among the several new candidates (Chiang Hsieh, 2012). Motivation: The motivation also plays an important role in the appointment and selection of a new candidate in such organization. HR manager designs the job in such way, which will motivate and encourage the selected applicant within the organization. HRD conducts various seminars and programs to motivate the employees. The HR personnel will motivate and encourage the employees by managing and supervising their work at the workplace. The HR manager teaches the employees that how the work and task are to be done at the workplace. Now it is assumed that HRD plays a significant role in job design and job analysis in the organization (Leiter, Day, Gilin Oore Spence Laschinger, 2012). Mental capacity: Capital Land Company never forces their workers to do work for long hours. The organization analyzes and evaluates the intellectual limitations of workers and enables them to work according to their choices. The organization never pushes the employees to give their best performance by taking a chance with their health. The products and items are given according to the capabilities of the workers. The HR management appoints an appropriate worker who is proficient and competent to do the undertaking productively that can give more outcomes in the future. HR professional conducts different training and development programs to check and evaluate the mental capabilities of employees for solving the problems effectively (Jensen, Patel Messersmith, 2013). Health and Safety: Capital Land Company deals with the worker's security and safety. It is vital for them to not give up the best representatives of the firm delicate. Therefore, they offer motivators to the workers including well-being and medical coverage. They cannot take the chances of the risk of losing the worthy and potential employees. The motivator likes incentive, bonus encourages them to join the firm and perform the function admirably. The motivating forces gave to them entrances, later which give great outcomes in the organization. The selected HR administrator keeps up a legitimate record of the representative's security and safety. HRD is responsible for the care of such workers who work for them (Tiwari Saxena, 2012). Thus, the company appoints a research analyst to perform the task in the organization. So it designs the job in a very effective way. It focuses on the motivation, mental capacity, efficiency and health of the employees (Sanders, Shipton Gomes, 2014). Recruitment strategies and its implementation The human resource management makes effective recruitment strategies to appoint a new candidate in the organization. Human resource department is not only responsible and accountable for analyzing the job outlooks but it also accountable for recruitment and selection as per the company needs and requirements. In Capital land the HR division does likewise. The company analyzes the behavior and conduct of the workers according to which they are selected (Wood, Van Veldhoven, Croon de Menezes, 2012). The HR manager of Capital land has to look after the recruitment systems which incorporate how an employee functions for the company, what are their thoughts and suppositions on a specific venture or a task allocated to them. This system of recruitment allows Capital land to meet their prerequisite successfully and effectively (Densley, 2012). The sources of recruitment differ in Capital Land Company. The organization likes to have outer recruit more than the inside the company. The enlistment procedure is finished by them primarily includes the workers ready to work effectively, to check whether they are fit for dealing with the undertakings task assigned to them, regardless of whether they take the values, commitment, and duties, whether the worker will task and furthermore the social values. The enrollment in Capital land is done on the premise of adequacy and capabilities of the employee. There are definite standards, norms, rules, and criteria that HR looks before selecting the employees in such company. Just the potential employees with wanted knowledge, skills and information can satisfy the prerequisites of the organization. The paradigm gives the biggest opportunity to show the skills and knowledge of the employees. The selection in such organizations is done after the enrollment procedure which is not constrained to the meeting, or testing or checking references. The determination by the HRMs is done proficiently and efficiently. Therefore, the company selects the research analyst in the organization then HR manager should focus on the recruitment strategies (Gorman, Roberts, Dominick, Malcarne, Dietz Su, 2014). The kind of methodologies and strategies took after by Capital land for recruiting the operation manager has really given great outcomes and results. In recruitment, the company checks the profile and background of a candidate for such position in the organization. Such kind of condition created at the firm makes it less demanding to task and keep the proper discipline in the organization. These policies and plans have left an effect on the creating market outside. The procedures have brought about the better working of the organization. A decent arrangement influences and affects the work of the company. The procedures arranged under the enlisting the workers is brimming with thoughts and ideas as the workers put their endeavors to get chose which brings about rivalry and challenges among workers (Paauwe, 2009). Selection strategies and its implementation The selection process starts after enlistment is finished. The candidates are being enlisted then chosen to hold a specific undertaking to deal with. The candidates are chosen on the base of the sort of task which they provide for the firm, the reliability they keep up and their behavior towards the company and other different employees. The determination procedure starts by choosing the employees who have a correct capability and potential in organization's need. The determination of Capital land works similarly. The HR department checks and evaluates the worker's capability and it keeps up the records of the applicants. Ordinarily, the chiefs and administrators of the department take the necessary steps to choosing the suitable employee for the position of operation manager. HR chief survey and checks the resumes, application, and interview to select the suitable candidate (Madera, 2012). The choice at Capital land is very difficult; one must be extremely fit according to the organization's desires and needs. In this manner, the organization hires the candidate for the operation department. The selected applicant needs to experience a meeting where he needs to demonstrate his aptitudes which will be useful for the organization. During the procedure, correspondence and communication are the vital criteria that organization searches for. One needs to through with English, he ought to have the capacity to persuade the specialists, and he should consider something new and imaginative, he should recognize what an organization makes progress toward. Therefore, the human resource department appoints a right candidate for the job in the company. The selected workers need to benefit as much as possible from the open door given at Capital Land Company. The choice of the workers brings about great yields and better working environment. The candidates are given favorable circumst ances and environment for their work (Brewster, Houldsworth, Sparrow Vernon, 2016). The implementation of this procedure has driven the organization its way towards marketing. The selected candidates do their task according to their capabilities and potential. It intrigues them and furthermore gives positive results to the organization. The criteria executed on the selected workers are according to their capability and the sort of attitudes. Now it assumed that the company should follow the effective and strong selection strategies to select the candidate as an operation manager. If the company adopts the effective selection strategies then it can take various benefits. Through the effective selection process, the company appoints a potential and competent candidate for doing the work. The organization gain competitive benefits and achieve the organizational goals and objectives through the effective selection process (Marchington, Wilkinson, Donnelly Kynighou, 2016). Conclusion Now it is assumed that functions and strategies of the company have shown the huge growth in the market. The company makes excellent recruitment and selection process. In this way, it has become one of biggest real estate companies across the world. It explains the growth and success of the organization. Now it is assumed that human resource department plays a vital role in every association. All the function of human resource management such as job analysis, job design, recruitment, and selection are very important for capital Land Company to select the operation manager in the organization. References Bratton, J., Gold, J. (2012). Human resource management: theory and practice. Palgrave Macmillan. Brewster, C., Houldsworth, E., Sparrow, P., Vernon, G. (2016).International human resource management. Kogan Page Publishers. Chiang, C. F., Hsieh, T. S. (2012). The impacts of perceived organizational support and psychological empowerment on job performance: The mediating effects of organizational citizenship behavior.International journal of hospitality management,31(1), 180-190. Densley, J. A. (2012). Street gang recruitment: Signaling, screening, and selection.Social Problems,59(3), 301-321. Edmans, A. (2012). The link between job satisfaction and firm value, with implications for corporate social responsibility.The Academy of Management Perspectives,26(4), 1-19. Fine, S. (2012). Estimating the economic impact of personnel selection tools on counterproductive work behaviors.Economics and Business Letters,1(4), 1-9. Gorman, J. R., Roberts, S. C., Dominick, S. A., Malcarne, V. L., Dietz, A. C., Su, H. I. (2014). A diversified recruitment approach incorporating social media leads to research participation among young adult-aged female cancer survivors.Journal of adolescent and young adult oncology,3(2), 59-65. Jensen, J. M., Patel, P. C., Messersmith, J. G. (2013). High-performance work systems and job control: Consequences for anxiety, role overload, and turnover intentions.Journal of Management,39(6), 1699-1724. Leiter, M. P., Day, A., Gilin Oore, D., Spence Laschinger, H. K. (2012). Getting better and staying better: Assessing civility, incivility, distress, and job attitudes one year after a civility intervention.Journal of occupational health psychology,17(4), 425. Li, X., Sanders, K., Frenkel, S. (2012). How leadermember exchange, work management and HRM consistency explain Chinese luxury hotel employees job performance.International Journal of Hospitality Management,31(4), 1059-1066. Madera, J. M. (2012). Using social networking websites as a selection Qualifications and responsibilitiesl: The role of selection process fairness and job pursuit intentions.International Journal of Hospitality Management,31(4), 1276-1282. Marchington, M., Wilkinson, A., Donnelly, R., Kynighou, A. (2016).Human resource management at work. Kogan Page Publishers. Paauwe, J. (2009). HRM and performance: Achievements, methodological issues and prospects.Journal of Management studies,46(1), 129-142. Sanders, K., Shipton, H., Gomes, J. F. (2014). Guest editors introduction: Is the HRM process important? Past, current, and future challenges.Human Resource Management,53(4), 489-503. Tiwari, P., Saxena, K. (2012). Human resource management practices: A comprehensive review.Pakistan business review,9(2), 669-705. Wood, S., Van Veldhoven, M., Croon, M., de Menezes, L. M. (2012). Enriched job design, high involvement management and organizational performance: The mediating roles of job satisfaction and well-being.Human relations,65(4), 419-445.

The Negative Effects of Software Copyrights Essay Example

The Negative Effects of Software Copyrights Paper Digital information technology has contributed to the development of information and technology by enabling easier modification and copying of information. While computers have the ability to achieve this for the well-being of mankind, the system of copyright serves as a hurdle in this as it assigns owners to software programs, most of whom are reluctant to share the potential benefits of their software with others (Stallman, 2009). â€Å"To use free software is to make a political and ethical choice asserting the right to learn, and share what we learn with others† (Free Software Foundation, 2014). Copyright protection only enables the developer of software to deter the software’s copying or copying of the source code. Software copyright does not provide protection against the copying of any process, method of operation, procedure, system, principle, discovery, or concept in the software. In addition to that, software copyright does not provide any surety against independent development of software of the like. A vast majority of the software products cannot address the variety of requirements set forth to get broad protection that the patent law can afford. Most applications of software patent face problems because of the requirement for the invention to be not obvious and be new. Nevertheless, this requirement helps in the process analyzing if or not an individual should pursue copyright protection or patent. â€Å"because copyrights protect the implementation (the actual code) but not the concept, copyrights do not prevent someone from implementing an algorithm in a different programming language or with a different set of routines, for example, offering almost no protection for something as complex and flexible as software† (Zeidman, 2011, p. 93). We will write a custom essay sample on The Negative Effects of Software Copyrights specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Negative Effects of Software Copyrights specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Negative Effects of Software Copyrights specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The look and feel of software amount to behavior and thus copyright should not be used to protect them in software; the Computer Law Review Committee (CLRC) did not recommend addition

Contributions Of Max Webers Bureaucracy To Public Administration

Contributions Of Max Webers Bureaucracy To Public Administration Introduction This assignment is a discussion on the topic of bureaucracy as described by Max Weber. The discussion looks at the theory in general and its effects in public administration in terms of advantages and disadvantages. It will be argued in the discussion that the approach is characterized by hierarchical distribution of power and authority in both public and private sector organizations.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Contributions Of Max Webers Bureaucracy To Public Administration specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The major advantage is that it ensures that jobs are done only by those employees who are qualified to do them; that is, the employees are selected purely on merit. Its major short coming in public administration is that it is too rigid especially when it comes to making decisions. This delays the delivery of services as well as the efficiency and effectiveness of public organizations. The Bureau cratic Approach This theoretical approach was formed by Max Weber in 1947.The approach conceptualizes organizations as being guided by hierarchical chains of command, in which decisions are made based on the top down approach. Those who are at the top management positions are responsible for making the decisions while their juniors are responsible for the execution of those decisions. In the hierarchy, each position is composed of specific roles and responsibilities as well as some amount of authority to make decisions or to command other workforce down the hierarchy (Rainey, 2009). The approach conceptualizes organizations as being characterized by division of labor and specialization. Each position in the hierarchy is held by specialized individuals or bureaucrats who have acquired education and training on that particular position. The specializations are accompanied by some specific authorities depending on the position in the hierarchy (Shafritz, 2011). The approach views organ izations as being guided by formal regulations and rules which are formed and communicated well within the organization (Fry, 2008). There are the rules of conduct in the work place which govern things like working hours, holidays, offs, the language to be used, communication protocols within the organization based on the hierarchy, and the communication channel regarding assignments for specific positions in the hierarchy.Advertising Looking for essay on public administration? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More These rules and regulations govern the procedures and the processes of the organization so as to give it an identity as well as stability and make it possible to predict the output of the organization because everything is planned in advance and followed to the letter without failure or compromise (Fry, 2008). The approach views organizations as being characterized or guided by rationality. Employees are selecte d not on the basis of friendship but on merit and their qualifications. The approach does not encourage the mixing of friendship or family issues with organizational business. All employees are therefore selected in a transparent and competitive process which is free from any bias. The same applies to employee remunerations. Each and every employee is remunerated as per his or her position, qualifications, and rank in the organization, meaning that those who are at the top get higher remunerations than those who are at the bottom in the hierarchy. In terms of responsibilities, those at the bottom are more involved with organizational activities while those at the top are mostly concerned with policy issues and public relations activities and are less involved in the daily running of the organizations (Hamilton, 1991). The approach recognizes positions in the hierarchy by their designations but not by the individuals who hold them. This is to say that there is no personification of r anks within the organization which ensures that authority is respected and reduces subjectivity as it increases objectivity in organizational undertakings. This idea of addressing positions by their designations in the hierarchy also ensures that there is no conflict of interest or unnecessary arguments or exchanges between various officials in the chain of command, which in turn increases efficiency in the organizational business (Hamilton, 1991). Advantages of approach In Public Administration Bureaucratic theory is characterized by clearly defined rules and procedures in the work place. These rules make work easier for the employees because there is no ambiguity and therefore each and every employee is able to focus on his or her duties and responsibilities on the required time.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Contributions Of Max Webers Bureaucracy To Public Administration specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The cl ear chain of command also ensures that there is good communication because every employee knows where to receive commands from; which reduces conflict of interest between various levels in the organizational structure (Hamilton, 1991). The recruitment of employee is also based on merit and professional qualifications which ensure that the correct people are employed for the correct jobs. This ensures that there is efficiency and high quality production in the organizations or businesses. The separation of employees’ personal issues and those of organizations makes employees focus solely on their duties and responsibilities (Naidu, 2005). Disadvantages of bureaucratic approach in public administration The theory has however been described by critics as being too rigid. It has also been accused of losing rationality especially in the issue of decision making, which its critics argue that it takes a lot of time before the bureaucrats in the chain of command procure a decision, w hich in turn compromises the efficiency and effectiveness of the organization. Other critics argue that the approach tends to build empires within organizations which discourage creativity and innovations of junior employees thereby hindering organizational progress and growth (Hamilton, 1991). Bibliography Fry, Brian. 2008. Mastering public administration: from Max Weber to Dwight Waldo. (2nd ed.). New York, NY: CQ Press. Hamilton, Peter. 1991. Max Weber: critical assessments 1, Volume 1; Volume 3; Critical Assessments of Leading Sociologists Series. New York, NY: Routledge. Naidu, S.P. 2005. Public Administration: Concepts and Theories. Andhra Pradesh.: New Age International.Advertising Looking for essay on public administration? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Rainey, Hal. 2009. Understanding and Managing Public Organizations; Essential Texts for Nonprofit and Public Leadership and Management. (4th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons. Shafritz, Jay. 2011. Classics of Public Administration. (7th ed.). New York, NY: Wadsworth Pub Co.

Homeschooling in New York State

Homeschooling in New York State In New York, you will find homeschoolers from all backgrounds and philosophies. Homeschooling may not be as popular as in some other parts of the country perhaps because of the large number of select private schools and well-funded public school systems. Homeschoolers themselves run the gamut from the deeply religious to those who choose to teach their own children in order to take advantage of all the learning resources the state has to offer. According to the New York State Education Department (NYSED), the 2012-2013 numbers for homeschooled children in the state between the ages of 6 and 16 outside New York City (which keeps its own records) totaled more than 18,000. An article in New York Magazine put the number of New York City homeschoolers for roughly the same period at nearly 3,000. New York State Homeschooling Regulations In most of New York, parents of students who are subject to compulsory attendance regulations, between the ages of 6 and 16 must file homeschooling paperwork with their local school districts. (In New York City, Brockport and Buffalo its 6 to 17.) The requirements can be found in the state Education Department Regulation 100.10. The regs specify what paperwork you must provide to your local school district, and what the school district can and cant do in terms of overseeing homeschoolers. They can be a useful tool when disputes between the district and the parent arise. Quoting the regulations to the district is the quickest way to resolve most problems. Only loose guidelines are given as to what material should be covered math, language arts, social studies including U.S. and New York State history and government, science, and so on. Within those topics, parents have a lot of leeway to cover what they wish. Getting Started in New York Its not hard to get started homeschooling in New York State. If your children are in school, you can pull them out at any time. You have 14 days from the time you start homeschooling to begin the paperwork process (see below). And you do not have to get permission from the school to start homeschooling. In fact, once you begin to homeschool, you will be dealing with the district and not the individual school. The districts job is to confirm that you are providing educational experiences for your children, within the general guidelines set out in the regulations. They do not judge the content of your teaching material or your teaching techniques. This gives parents a lot of freedom in deciding how best to educate their children. Filing Homeschool Paperwork in New York (Note: For a definition of any terms used, see the Homeschooling Glossary.) Heres the timetable for the back-and-forth exchange of paperwork between homeschoolers and their school district, according to New York State regulations. The school year runs from July 1 to June 30, and every year the process starts over. For homeschoolers who start midyear, the school year still ends on June 30. 1. Letter of Intent: At the start of the school year (July 1), or within 14 days of starting to homeschool, parents submit a Letter of Intent to their local school district superintendent. The letter can simply read: This is to inform you that I will be homeschooling my child [Name] for the coming school year. 2. Response from the District: Once the district receives your Letter of Intent, they have 10 business days to respond with a copy of the homeschooling regulations and a form on which to submit an Individualized Home Instruction Plan (IHIP). Parents are allowed, however, to create their own forms, and most do. 3. Individualized Home Instruction Plan (IHIP): Parents then have four weeks (or by August 15 of that school year, whichever is later) from the time they receive the materials from the district to submit an IHIP. The IHIP can be as simple as a one-page list of resources that may be used throughout the year. Any changes that come up as the year progresses can be noted on the quarterly reports. Many parents include a disclaimer like the one I used with my children: Texts and workbooks listed in all subject areas will be supplemented by books and materials from home, the library, the Internet and other sources, together with field trips, classes, programs, and community events as they arise. More details will appear in the quarterly reports. Note that the district does not judge your teaching materials or plan. They simply acknowledge that you have a plan in place, which in most districts can be as loose as you like. 4. Quarterly Reports: Parents set their own school year, and specify on the IHIP what dates they will submit quarterly reports. The quarterlies can simply be a one-page summary listing what was covered in each subject. You are not required to give students a grade. A line stating that the student was learning the minimum number of hours required for that quarter takes care of attendance. (For grades 1 through 6, its 900 hours per year and 990 hours per year after that.) 5. Year-End Evaluation: Narrative evaluations one-line statements that the student has made adequate academic progress according to the requirements of Regulation 100.10 are all that is needed until fifth grade, and can continue every other year through eighth grade. The list of acceptable standardized tests (including the supplemental list) includes many like the PASS test which can be given by the parents at home. Parents are not required to submit the test score itself, just a report that the score was in the 33rd percentile or above, or showed a years growth over the previous years test. Students can also take tests at the school. Since parents are not required to submit paperwork once the child reaches age 16 or 17, its possible for those wishing to minimize standardized tests to only have to administer them in fifth, seventh and ninth grade. The most common disputes with districts occur with those few who refuse to allow the parent to write their own narrative assessment statement or administer the standardized test. They can usually be resolved by finding a homeschooling parent with a valid teaching license to provide one or the other. High School and College Students who homeschool through the end of high school do not receive a diploma, but they have other options to show they completed the equivalent of a high school education. This is particularly important for students who want to go on to earn college degrees In New York State since showing some form of high school completion is required to receive a college degree (although not for college admission). This includes both public and private colleges. One common course is to request a letter from the local district superintendent stating the student received the substantial equivalent of a high school education. While districts are not required to supply the letter, most do. Districts usually ask that you continue submitting paperwork through 12th grade to use this option. Some homeschoolers in New York earn a high school equivalency diploma by taking a two-day standardized test (formerly the GED, now the TASC). That diploma is considered the same as a high school diploma for most types of employment as well. Others complete a 24-credit program at a local  community college, while still in high school, or afterward, that grants them the equivalent of a high school diploma. But no matter how they show high school completion, both public and private colleges in New York are welcoming to homeschool students, who are generally well-prepared as they go on into adult life. Helpful Links New York State Education Department Codes, Rules, and Regulations include information on homeschooling, compulsory attendance, student employment, and other issues.NYHEN (New York State Home Education Network) is a free online support group open to all homeschoolers. It includes a website with easily-accessible information on state regulations and several email lists where parents can ask questions and get advice from experienced homeschoolers (including, occasionally, me!).LEAH (Loving Education at Home) is a statewide Christian-only membership organization with local chapters throughout the state. It presents two homeschool conferences every year. Participants are usually asked to sign a Statement of Faith before participating in LEAH activities.PAHSI (Partnership for Accurate Homeschooling Information) is a New York City-based group offering information on homeschooling in the city and state.

Library extension Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Library extension - Essay Example The roof beams are supported by the exterior main columns and are placed as a rafter. A truss is not included since a roof beam can carry the roof loads and also for the reason of abiding by the design intent of having a "high ceiling" and unobstructed natural light from the glazed section of the roof. The foundation is composed of isolated footings and retaining walls for the basement part. The longest span involved is 13 meters which is located at the faade of the building. Since the requirement is for the faade to be entirely composed of glass, two columns are supporting two roof beams propped against each other. The load transfer is synonymous to that of an arch frame. The two columns are supported by a main beam at ground level and beams that connect it to the next span. In the event that a huge lateral load or a very heavy roof load is applied way beyond the structure can support, these columns likely would be the first components to fail. No attachments are made to the existing museum and library, thus the new extension is structurally independent from them. Spans of 4.5 meters and 9 meters are designed for the beams wherein intermediate beams are provided for beams supporting a span of 9 meters. This would yield smaller members in the subsequent analysis and design. Tie beams are also found in the foundation and ground floor framing to support lateral movements. Further, aside from beam-to-column connections, there are beam-to-beam connections as well, and a planted column supporting the stairs. 3. Accommodation of Services Building services are accommodated and are given 0.8 meters. For services located in the basement, ground floor, and first floor; there is enough space for the conveyance of building utilities and at the same time, their pipe runs can be concealed. However, cladding must be made at the 1st floor overhead utilities (e.g. lighting), since there is no ceiling at the 1st floor. C. Scheme 2: 1. Functional Framing Scheme 2 is designed to have the least number of structural members as possible. The advantage to this approach is less members and longer spans that would give to larger uninterrupted spaces. However, members would have to be bigger or deeper to support longer spans. The framing for the basement remains the same as in the previous scheme. The framing support for the ground floor is remarkably decreased. This is for the reason that tie beams have been eliminated considering that the ground floor slab would be slab-on-fill. A wall footing tie beam is designated as support for the admin office wall. For the first floor framing, only one intermediate beam is designated for the slab at the adult's reading area. The span of 9-meters on the side of the cavity wall side is supported by two columns only. The roof framing is the same as in scheme 1. 2. Load Transfer and Stability Aspects As in scheme 1, the area of concern is on the supports at the faade since no column is located on the center of the faade that would possibly support a

Business Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Business Research - Essay Example NatWest traces its origin to the year 1968 when the National Provincial Bank merged with the Westminster Bank. NatWest has remained one of the â€Å"biggest four clearing banks† in the United Kingdom and it has opened over 1,600 branches and 3,400 automated teller machines across the UK (Jones, 2012, p.258). The bank currently has nearly 7.5 million customers and over 850,000 accounts specifically tailored for small businesses. It operates through a subsidiary bank known as Ulster Bank in the republic of Ireland. As per the year 2003 NatWest was a wholly owned subsidiary of the RBS. However, it has currently become the ultimate holding company of the Royal Bank of Scotland Group (RBS). Basing on this, it is evidently cleat that the shareholders, competitors and interest groups of RBS are directly linked to the National Westminster Bank. The government of the United Kingdom acquired majority of the shares of RBS in 2008 to become the majority shareholder of the bank. Currently, the UK government owns over 67% of the ordinary shares floated by the Royal Bank of Scotland Group in the stock market. OWNERSHIP Government Ownership of National Westminster Bank As already stated, NatWest is the main holding company of the Royal Bank of Scotland. ... The government went further to acquire B shares in December thus making the cumulative government ownership of the RBS Group to stand at 81.15 percent (Waller, 2000, p.31). Stephen Hester is the chief executive officer of the Royal Bank of Scotland, a company which by extension owns the National Westminster Bank. Since the majority of the shareholding comes from the government whose main source of income is the taxpayer’s money, it is also true to say that NatWest is a bank owned by the public (Steiner, 2000, p.18). UK Financial Investments Ltd (UKFI) was then charged with the mandate of overseeing the government’s investments in financial institution including Royal Bank of Scotland Group. In connection to the desire of promoting economic stability and healthy competition in the banking sector, the UK government has given UKFI the duty to manage the orderly but active disposing of government’s shareholding in some of these institutions. Norwich Union is a compos ite insurer and owns about 1.12 percent of the original shares of NatWest Bank. Before the â€Å"takeover† of the company by the Royal Bank of Scotland, the managers of this bank were in full support of the bid presented by the RBS. COMPETITION NatWest, which by extension refers to the Royal Bank of Scotland, faces competition from several banks that include HSBC, Credit Suisse Bank, Barclays Bank and Standard Chartered. About HSBC: It is ranked as the top most banks in the whole world. According to the financial statements of the bank released in the first quarter of 2011, this bank recorded the largest profit of 4,153 billion dollars. It highly trusted in emerging markets such as China. This factor

Rules About School Essay Example for Free

Rules About School Essay Students tend to break the rules once in awhile that that is because of peer pressure or rebellion against or with someone else. Teenagers explore and do things others wouldn’t do to look â€Å"cool† or to prove something that they could do something with their life, or to look â€Å"superior† to someone else. Imagine a smart and decent student could do inappropriate behavior just to prove they are fit in that society and to not be called names like â€Å"nerd† or â€Å"loser†, that’s how rules are made in school. But I think that we have a little too much of that. Imagine having fewer rules it would be knowledgeable only if it could help students and help the school, having a lot of rules tend to put stress on students that they want to break out of it and just do whatever they want. With less school rules, student would be in school more often, they have the chance to freely do things they could do, less stress for the students and for the teachers, meaning teachers would have an easier job because bad students wouldn’t be so bad anymore because they have less stress on their mind and now they could pay attention and pass grades. Rules that are forced by the securities and faculty staff are sometimes straining and stressing the students involved in such activities. These activities affect the student’s mentality and social behavior because of aggression and rebellion that has been formed on a student’s mind. An example of an activity is sport. When someone is a student athlete they tend to stay after school and hang out for awhile before a game or a practice start, but some securities have a rule that you can’t stay after school that long and you would have to go home right away, for a student athlete to go home would be a waste of energy and stressing that causes aggression towards the school and the school securities which could resolve to conflict. Another School Rule that students are against is â€Å"contraband† this includes Cell phones, iPods, and dress codes. This rule shouldn’t be forced highly and shouldn’t be taken that seriously by the staff of the school. Technology has been a part of this generation and without them a student could be devastated and again could cause aggression towards a staff. I know that it is rude for a student to use such things during class, but if they do they face a consequence of failing in class due to inattentiveness and no participation, they have the choice to do it or not. And even during recess or lunch securities tend to take peoples and  iPods away, they take it too seriously, iPods should not be that bad it’s called â€Å"Break Time† for students and now music is part of our lives so shouldn’t that become an exemption? Then we have our Tardy/Late rule that students break a lot. This rule is good for some parts and bad for some part. The good part of this rule is to teach students to have discipline and be prompt most of the time. But the bad part of this rule is the consequence or the punishment of it, the punishment is â€Å"calf duty† or ISS(In School Suspension). Which most of the students dislike, if Radford really wants its student to be successful academically it wouldn’t be fair to have rules like these: ISS is a punishment that makes students to rake leaves, clean the gym, wipe tables on the cafà ©, throw the thrash, and clean the baseball field on a SUNNY day for one whole class or more. I personally do not think that this punishment is fair because students need to go to class and learn, not to learn how to rake and clean, that is why we have custodians that does that for us. Not only that but again this things causes hate and aggression towards the school and with that, a student will not be able to focus on studies and they would cause an outrage or break more rules, It doesn’t help the student It makes it worst for them. â€Å"Cafà © duty† is not so bad because they provide free lunch for student, but some other classes HAVE to do it without doing anything bad, and that causes the class to be pulled back academically, again the custodians could do their job and serve the food to the students. It’s a learning environment not a job orientation. Consequences for students are a little bit too much, if the staff thinks that by making these type of consequences would stop the student s to break the rules, I don’t think it will because it causes a student to be rebellious and would want to hate the school for making him/her do all the stuff that REGULAR student does not do. School rules are good but it matters on how staff pushes them and how strict they could be. Deviance has its own punishment and it could be being unsuccessful in life or being a pariah in our school society. A person has a choice to do bad things or good, but there are always consequences for our actions.

Development of a Sustainable Democracy in East Germany and Poland :: Political Politics

Development of a Sustainable Democracy in East Germany and Poland Linz and Stepan list and describe a set of five elements that determine a consolidated democracy. Civil society, political society, rule of law, usable state of bureaucracy, and an institution of economic society all interact in complex ways to bring about democratic consolidation in countries. This paper focuses and emphasizes the interactions between the ^development of a free and lively civil society . . . [and] an institutionalized economic society . . . [which] must be present, or be crafted, in order for a democracy to be consolidated^ (Linz and Stepan pg. 17). Two former communist countries, East Germany and Poland, will be analyzed and critiqued about the prospects for sustainable democracy. Specifically, an analysis of the civil societies in the countries and how they react to their current economic situations will be used as a determinant for their chances of sustaining democracy. Both East Germany and Poland are considered success stories. Both countries have undergone free elections that have brought about new leaders in the country that have represented the citizens needs and wants, but the transition for these countries hasn^t been easy. Many citizens in both of the former Soviet bloc countries feel that their votes aren^t changing the social and economic conditions, and are rejecting the system with this ^learned helplessness^. An increasing number of citizens in both countries are turning to right wing policies as a result of the new and challenging social and economic order. Where before workers were guaranteed jobs, allowances, and other provisions from the state, now they face the cutthroat competition that defines capitalism. The economic societies in the countries have been approached from very different angles. Whereas East Germany was immediately incorporated into the strong economic and social conditions of West Germany, Poland was forced to handle the transition alone. While in East Germany labor and initiative collapsed and flowed West, Poland had no where to go, and the capitalist West flowed into their economy in the form of investments. The result has been very positive for Poland, which is now one of the fastest growing economies in Europe, but very negative for East Germany which is dawdling in high unemployment and low foreign investment. In societies where the party aspired to control all aspects of life, including persecution for unauthorized association, social life was very weak. Martial law and danger of persecution for unauthorized activities encouraged citizens in both countries to restrict their social ties to kin and very close friends. The result of this phenomenon has had a profound effect on the quality of civil

Marketing Mix

Table of Contents I. INTRODUCTION3 II. MARKET STRATEGY4 A. Product5 B. Price5 C. Place5 D. Process5 E. People6 F. Physical evidence6 G. Promotion6 III. ENVIRONMENT7 A. Macroenviroment7 B. Microenvironment8 IV. CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR9 V. MARKET TARGETING & POSITIONING10 A. Segmentation10 B. Target market12 C. Market positioning12 VI. CONCLUSION13 VII. References14 INTRODUCTION This report aims to identify various factors for success in the quality take-away food market. This will be accomplished by comparing two food service companies with a similar strategy – Crust Gourmet Pizza Bars and Real Burger World (RBW) – ended up with remarkably different results from the following aspects; marketing strategy, the environment, consumer behavior and target market and positioning. MARKET STRATEGY The foundation of both Crust and RBW was animated by a similar desire to provide a gourmet or higher quality take away food in the competitive fast food industry. Though, they came up with slightly different plans and implementations. |Crust Gourmet Pizza |Real Burger World | |People |†¢ Founder : previous experience as a manager of |†¢ One of the founders : successful experience in | | |a Pizza Restaurant |starting up a business | | |†¢ Training and management support for their |†¢ General manager replaced because of his lack of| | |franchises |experience in the industry | |Process |†¢ Long |†¢ Long | | |†¢ Preparati on in view of the customers |†¢ ‘guest' burger, customer invited to suggest a | | | |menu item |Physical Evidence |Dynamic, fashionable and modern : upmarket look |Typical burger shop | | |for upmarket target | | |Product |†¢ High quality and fresh |†¢ Real, natural and wholesome ingredients | | |†¢ Broad choice from traditional to original |†¢ Choice more or less diversified | | |taste (‘Asian touch') |†¢ Dynamic menu with gourmet burgers, handmade | | |†¢ Product on demand |fries | |Price |Restaurant prices, more expensive than the |Slightly above competitive brands (1? ore than | | |competitors |the existing competitors) | |Place |Shop, Internet Website, Phone |Shop | |Promotion |†¢ Heart Foundation Tick of approval & medias |†¢ TV Show â€Å"Risking it all† in 2episodes, | | |†¢ radio, local papers, letterbox drops, |†¢ Brochure handouts in the street | | |sponsorships |†¢ Protest in front of their co mpetitor store | | |†¢ Website | | | |†¢ reward card | | Table 1 Marketing strategy of both companies through the 7P’s 1 Product Both companies offer better value to their customers through the high and fresh quality of their product. This is the main advantage that differentiates themselves from their competitors. o Quality QualityWhile RBW provides â€Å"real, natural and wholesome ingredients† (Naz Choudhury, http://books. google. com. au/ ), Crust, sensitive to the new trend of healthy food, provides not only high quality food -with premium ingredients such as prosciutto, tiger prawns or smoked salmon- but also healthy food with six Heart Foundation Pizzas. o Variety They both offer a broad choice from traditional to original taste (‘Asian touch’ for Crust). What seems an advantage for Crust over RBW, and pizza restaurant is that Crust customers can compose their own pizza, though a common doing in the pizza fast food industry. 2 Price Because it is not trying to be cheaper than or as affordable as its competitors, unlike RBW, Crust chooses a clear different position from its competitors. Crust gets a premium price based on the product differentiation. 3 Place The place for the first shops gives an indication on the position of the firm. While Crust established their first shop in a suburb where people may have more time to wait for a longer process, RBW had their first shop in a dynamic street, in the city and a close walk from its competitors. Also Crust developed a delivery service with as many ways as possible to make their product available to overcome their geographic limitation. 4 Process Due to their position as higher and fresh quality food, both of these companies need a longer processing time for their product, than its competitors. Though, Crust found a way to compensate. The preparation in view of the customers increases the interaction between the staff and the customers and is visually exciting. This tactic is a way of creating delight for customers. A good point for RBW is the ‘guest’ burger. The customer is invited to take part in the creation of menu items. 5 People People working for the company are important since they contribute to the image of the firm. Crust understood this well, they made it an important part of their plan. They provide training and management support for their franchises to preserve brand identity and so, the atmosphere of the first shop. On the contrary, RBW showed an mistake from the start, the first General Manager of the store had no experience in the fast food industry. 6 Physical evidence The look of the store conveys the marketing message of the firm. It has to be in adequation with what the firm claims to provide, that includes also the differentiation from their competitors. Crust chose distinctive colours and a high class decor just as a gourmet firm would do. It gives satisfaction to customers who would expect greater value. On the other hand, though they hired professionals to design their store, RBW appeared to have missed the upmarket look and ended up looking like any other burger shop. 7 Promotion By earning the Heart Foundation Tick of approval, they consolidated their image differentiation, got the media attention as a short term promotion but also undoubtedly a long term promotion through this kind of sponsorship. They also use radio, local papers, letterbox drops, and sponsorships. Those tactics are important to build a strong brand identity. Crust is omnipresent so that they stay in potential customer’s minds. They developed a Website to go along with the technology orientated society and targeted customers. The use of a reward card is a way of retaining profitable customers. Whereas in the case of RBW, it is appearing in a TV show, the firm benefited from a priceless mass promotion to make their brand known. Nonetheless, they didn’t sustain themselves to this level and came up with only short term promotion. Protesting in front of their competitor store can be regarded as a desperate move to attract customers. From the analysis of these parameters, we can say that Crust has a well more developed strategy than RBW. When RBW’s main (unique) advantage is the higher quality food, Crust has developed a more complex strategy around the higher quality and healthy food and the service cape, regarded as a key to success. ENVIRONMENT This section discusses external and internal factors affecting Crust’s and RBW’s business. Four factors were chosen to outline their success/failure – Demographic forces (macro), socio-cultural forces (macro), corporate culture (micro), and competitive environment (micro). Macroenvironment are fairly common to the two firms as Australia and UK have similar cultural background and economic level. The factors which led these two firms to contrastive results could be found in microenvironment. [pic] 1 Macroenviroment o Demographic forces Understanding the demographic environment is of great importance as it â€Å"involves people, and people make up markets (Kotler, Adam, Denize and Armstrong, 2009: pp. 89)†. Changes in household types are beneficial trend for fast-food industry. The important demographic trend for fast-food industry is changes in household types. Increased number of one person, childless couple households increases the demand for convenient, ready-to-eat meals. Dual-income families made quality food affordable. The two firms targeted those new-type households. o Socio-cultural forces Businesses exists within society, therefore businesses can be influenced by society. To keep up with social changes may provide businesses with competitive advantages. The increased health awareness in society led the changing trend in consumer preferences to better-taste, fresher fast-food which perceived as healthier. Crust and RBW met this consumer trend. Another socio-cultural force is the trend towards choice. Both firms dealt with this trend by offering broad range of menu. 2 Microenvironment o Corporate culture Strong corporate culture helps to develop strong brand because people, internal and external to the company, can share similar values. Strong brand equity enables businesses to establish firm customer base and brand royalty, which in turn give businesses long-term growth and profitability. Crust has a clear corporate culture of â€Å"personality driven† based on â€Å"professionalism†, â€Å"entrepreneurship† and â€Å"teamwork and partnership with stores and customers† (www. crust. com. au, 2010). This is expressed to customers through store presentation and service, which serves as physical evidence to the customers. On the other hand, RBW’s culture was based on co-founders’ friendship. The business built on friendship can be fallen into amateurism resulted in various operational problems, which could reduce customer satisfaction. o Competitive environment Fast-food industry is highly competitive market and the competition is complex. Players in the market have to compete with huge multinational organizations such as McDonald’s, Subway and Pizza Hut as well as thousands of local take-away stores. To provide greater customer value and satisfaction than competitors, strategic analysis of competitive environment is crucial for businesses. Crust identified a gap in the pizza market in Australia, and then develops the strategy to fit them into the gap. Differentiation against competitors is the key factor to be successful in competitive market. Reflecting the tough competitive environment, crust aims to grow slowly and steady through good relationships with the stores and the customers (www. crust. com. au, 2010). RBW didn’t take it seriously compared to Crust because RBW were confident with the products and believed that consumers choose them once they tried their burger. The location choice for the first store was made by financial reason rather than strategic point of view. This resulted in direct competition with established fast-food brands such as McDonald’s and Burger King. CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR [pic] There is little difference between the fact that RBW and crust pizza are located in England and Australia respectively because both are industrialized nations and both are very similar culturally. As such, both are positively affected by the growing awareness of the benefits of healthier food, as well as an active desire for such food, especially in the age groups that both Crust and RBW caters to. There are three driving psychological influences on a customer to eat at crust pizza. The first is an aspirational one. The existing perception of high dining atering to educated, high earning professionals that crust has worked meticulously to build, and one of the results is that being seen to eat there is indicative of being a member of that particular demographic. [pic] Figure 3. Reasons for eating Fast Food http://shansenta. blogspot. com/2006_10_01 _archive. html The second influence is the imperative and willingness to pay for high quality food by the more discerning consumers. The third is one of safety, in the sense that crust delivers on time, with the correct pizza, in the same quality as in the store due to its specially made base. While the time take is longer, customers are satisfied as it is what they expect. RBW’s customers have different set of influences due to its geographical location in a less well off part of London where price is a significant factor. For the majority of consumers that frequent that particular part of London, the health benefits that RBW provided were not enough of an incentive to try the burgers. Also, it is the nature of burgers that they are quick. The reason for eating them is that it is a convenient way of eating and customers are unwilling to wait more than ten minutes for a burger that elsewhere they can get within one or two minutes. MARKET TARGETING & POSITIONING 1 Segmentation The basis of a long term marketing strategy, as well as the initial success of the business requires a target market to be identified and the business positioned satisfy the needs of the chosen market. |Crust Gourmet Pizza |Real Burger World | |Geographic segmentation |- Distributed around Australia ; NSW, ACT and |- Opened the first store in London in mid 2003 | | |Victoria – An expansion in |- Located in a street with other fast food stores| | |Singapore | | |Demographic Segmentation |- Targeting the age of 18-39 years old including|- Targeting the people with the age of 20-40 | | |families and high incomes including middle class|years old and high incomes | | |and upper class. Targeting | | | |consumers from diverse nationality | | |Psychographic Segmentation |- Targeting the people with a healthy lifestyle |- Targeting consumers with a healthy and busy | | | |lifestyle | |Behavioural Segmentation |- Targeting for the middle and upper class who |- Some of consumers would have negative attitudes| | |would have purchase occasions frequently |due to some failure on plans. | Table 2. Comparison of segmentation between Crust and RBW o Geographic Segmentation Most firms have national marketing programmes which adjust their products and promotions to satisfy the individual needs of geographic units. Geographic Segmentation can be the most important process which  brings to light  the  difference between the case of Crust and RBW. For Crust, it  is distributed in the main cities of Australia include d Sydney, Melbourne, Queensland and Victoria. The stores  are located in various suburbs. This implies two factors of geographic segmentation being region and population density. This  indicates a  greater opportunity  for the  success of  the company due to its location. On the other hand,  the first RBW store  was located in a street with other fast-food stores containing McDonald’s and Burger King. This evidently demonstrates that there is more competition and hence  the  potential of losing customers to  the other major food chains. RBW would be forced to compete against eminent and familiar  fast-food outlets. In this case, having just  launched their first outlet,  it would contribute to decreasing their earnings. o Demographic Segmentation The Crust has targeted  an age group ranging between 18-39 years of age. Additionally,  they are more likely focussing on middle and upper class demographics. We can assume that RBW also has targeted  a similar  demographic of consumers  to that of  the Crust. This can be classified  as demographic segmentation. Each business  targets a specific demographic that they feel the product or service would be most likely to attract. With that, the company will be able to set out its goals, marketing strategies and prices according to that chosen demographic. It clearly shows that both the Crust and RBW have targeted  appropriate level of consumers who would become big fans of the restaurant. In addition demographic factor is very influential on marketing strategy because consumer usage and needs are variable since each individual has different taste desires in  products depending on how old they are, what family life cycle they have or what occupation or income they have. o Psychographic Segmentation The Crust has an aim to change the perception of pizza from  that of a  cheap food to more of one that can be classified as a healthier choice. Accordingly, this will appeal to  those people who have a healthy lifestyle  or are conscious about their diet. This strategy  would lead to  further success in their business as not only will they be able to  maintain the number of existing customers,  they would also  be  attracting a new line of customers. For instance, through education and the media people are  increasingly gaining more awareness with regards to their diet and healthy living. With that in mind, the public will be less inclined to  eat unhealthily and would begin to focus  on maintaining a healthy diet. This  is a  clear indication  that people would  choose Crust rather than Dominos or Pizza Hut because of their marketing strategy. As well as in the case of RBW, they  have tried  to develop  the idea that burgers, if  served correct, can  be considered as  an extremely healthy  meal and not simply  another form of junk food. This also would appeal to  the public to  dine  at RBW as it appeals to the present values the public upholds. o Behavioural Segmentation One of the factors in behavioural Segmentation is purchase occasion. In the case of both Crust and RBW, they have targeted  a demographic of  high income earners  and this has  lead to  an escalating  chance  of increasing their earnings. Since pizzas and burgers are the most favorable food for parties, gatherings and meals,  the public is guaranteed  to purchase these foods on a frequent basis. But consumers may have different attitudes towards Crust and RBW. The Crust has been well-known as a  Ã¢â‚¬Ëœpersonality driven culture’ whereas the RBW has negative aspects associated with their food chain  since they failed with some launch tactics such as brochure handouts and a free burger day. With knowledge of such aspects, the public will most likely respond accordingly and think twice about RBW and it's few slip-ups. 2 Target market For target market there are several different strategies ; undifferentiated marketing, differentiated marketing and concentrated marketing. Firstly, undifferentiated marketing is to ignore the specific market segments and approach the whole market with one market offer. Secondly, differentiated marketing is a marketing that determines to target several market segments and design separate offers for each. Lastly, concentrated marketing is choosing one large market or few submarkets. It clearly shows that both Crust and RWB are concentrated marketers since concentrated marketing provides a means  for small firms to compete against other larger companies and to gain a foothold in the food industry. 3 Market positioning Market positioning is the final part of step, involving developing a positioning for the target market, followed by the marketing mix. Crust pizza positioned their stores to be attractive to the market outlined. The relatively high price per pizza reflects their positioning as a gourmet pizza restaurant, though offering delivery services as well to expand the reach of their business. The restraint ambiance and staff trained in customer service helps differentiate Crust as a higher class of dining than its competitors. It’s certification by the national heart foundation also gives proof to its claims of healthy pizza, swaying those skeptical of those marketing gimmicks and again differentiating it from competitors. RBW however, positioned both physically and otherwise to be in direct competition with existing fast food outlets. Located in a part of London where price is the defining factor, it is similar in price to McDonalds, contradicting its projected image of gourmet burgers. Customers have also commented that the shop feels similar to burger king, losing the perception of healthy food, and thus customers. Unlike crust, it’s burgers are not certified as healthy, though it’s stating of nutritional values of its burgers is a positive move, similar actions by McDonalds and other fast food outlets dilutes the impact of that move. Had it gone with its initial location at a more high priced part of London, the outcome may be very different. CONCLUSION In conclusion, there are a number of factors that determine the success or failure of a business such as those of a gourmet fast food such as RBW and Crust pizza. These factors range from the elements in the marketing strategy to the target market and market positioning, both planned and execution. The importance of these factors can be illustrated by the difference between Crust Pizza and RBW, given the similarity of their environmental and cultural factors. It is RBW’s failure to understand the nature of their product and the behavior and influences on their customers that lead to RBW’s eventual downfall. Crust pizza, on the other hand, well understood these factors and created an appropriate strategy and focused on the correct target market to claim success. References INTERNET Crust website, http://www. crust. com. au/ Momentary Musings, http://shansenta. blogspot. com/2006_10_01_archive. html Wikinvest, http://www. wikinvest. com/stock/Wendy%27s_International_%28WEN%29 BOOK Kotler P, Adam, S, Denize S, & Armstrong, G. , 2009,. Principles of Marketing, 4th ed, Pearson Education. Australia, Frenchs Forest, NSW ———————– Figure1. Market shares of the Major Players in the Fast Food Industry http://www. wikinvest. com/stock/Wendy%27s_International_%28WEN%29 Figure2. Pie chart of Consumer behaviour on Frequency of Fast Food http://shansenta. blogspot. com/2006_10_01_archive. html Marketing Mix According to Eddie Robinson, â€Å"The will to win, the desire to succeed, the urge to reach your full potential†¦these are the keys that will unlock the door to personal excellence. † In this competitive business world, it is imperative that business owners’ develop and create unique products in order to be differentiated from its competitors. Business owners can use a set of tools called the â€Å"Marketing Mix† to provide the unique quality that the item for consumption is a need.This tool is made up of a set of controllable factors that can be adjusted until the precise combination is established to satisfy the needs or wants of consumers in a particular target market while generating a profit. The Marketing Mix is made up of four factors. They are product, price, place and promotion. The product can be referred to as the physical product or service that satisfies what a consumer wants or need. Price refers to the amount that customers will pay for a par ticular good or service after taking into account factors such as profit, competitor’s response, business survival and probable pricing.The channel of distribution that serves as a means of getting the product or service in a convenient location to the target consumers is referred to as place. Promotion represents the methods of communication used to provide information of a particular good or service to its target market using various mediums. The proposed product we have decided to discuss in this essay is a self-cleaning bathtub. This product would satisfy the wants and needs of luxury hoteliers and people who are interested in living a luxurious life around the world.Generally, majority of the people who perform cleaning services usually avoid the time of cleaning their bathtub because it is very tedious task and the effects of the noxious fumes from the cleaning products. The idea of a self-cleaning bathtub would solve these problems, while satisfying the many wants and in some cases, the needs of a wide cross-section of people. This product will be sold in two variations and will range in different sizes. These variations include free standing tubs and drop in tubs.The self-cleaning bathtub boasts of its quick drain plus fast-action integral pump for rapid water changing, self-cleaning system that simultaneously removes surface debris and cleans the bottom of the hot tub with its built in vacuum. It also has premium LED lights that create ambiance and tranquility. It comes with an installation crew and technicians standing behind 10 years of warranty to give customers peace of mind. In addition, the economic theory asserts that in a free market economy the market price reflects interaction between supply and demand: the price is set to equate the quantity being supplied and demanded.In turn, these quantities are determined by the marginal utility of the asset to different buyers and to different sellers. In reality, the price may be distorted by o ther factors, such as tax and other government regulations. When a commodity is for sale at multiple locations, the Law of one price is generally believed to hold. This essentially states that the cost difference between the locations cannot be greater than that representing shipping, taxes, other distribution costs etc.In the case of the majority of consumer goods and services, the distribution costs are quite a high proportion of the overall price, so the law may not be very useful. In practice, it may well make economic sense to offer a product or service for sale at a higher price in a wealthy area than in a deprived area as the marginal utility of the asset for purchasers will be higher in the former. With that being said, several factors can be taken into consideration when looking to price an item such as this one.Since the price of a product is normally the deciding factor in choosing one brand over another, it is a common area of the marketing mix that can be used to make s trategic changes. The customer would not expect to pay the regular price of a regular bathtub. However, they may not expect a significantly high price. For instance, if you take the price of a regular bathtub, add on the cost of products and tools usually used to clean the tub, the customer will not expect to pay a price that is 50-100% more than the total of the two. They might as well decide to continue cleaning their tub on their own.Smart retailers sell good items cheap, with small profit per item because cheap prices increase sales and overall profit. In other words, it is better to sell forty (40) items at ten dollars ($10) profit rather than five (5) items at forty dollars ($40) profit. This will ensure business survival for a very long time as long as the quality of the product in maintained. Competitor’s response will have no effect on this product as long as the affordable price and high quality is maintained. As long as the cheapest possible manufacturing method is utilized, the competitor will find it very difficult to compete.Furthermore, it is important that the self-cleaning tub is available when and where the customer wants it. Distributing the product to its consumers will be done through direct channels for the customers who wants customized tubs and through dual distribution. This product will be accessible to customers with few obstacles. Moreover, mass marketing is a market coverage strategy in which a firm decides to ignore market segment differences and go after the whole market with one offer. It is the type of marketing (or attempting to sell through persuasion) of a product to a wide audience.The idea is to broadcast a message that will reach the largest number of people possible. The target market for this product would be very huge. Quite frankly, every single person who owns or lives in a home should be interested in a self-cleaning bathtub. However, the most strategic channel of distribution should be among person building or looking to build new luxury homes, apartment buildings or hotels. Many new business customers can be obtained since apartment buildings and hotels would want to utilize this product.The benefits range from cheaper cost of janitorial service to additional attraction to apartments and hotel rooms for guests and tenants to choose from. In order to get all prospective customers interested in the product, public demonstrations will have to be made at strategic areas of business in the city or main towns. Invitations should be sent out to all hotels, luxury home owners and apartment building owners to attend this public event where usage of the bathtub will be demonstrated for all to see. Generally, promotion is communicating with the public in an attempt to influence them toward buying your products and/or services.How does promotion differ from advertising? Promotion is the broader, all inclusive term. Advertising is just one specific action you could take to promote your product or service. Promotion, as a general term, includes all the ways available to make a product and/or service known to and purchased by customers and clients. Promotion of this item would be done through various mediums. These mediums include television advertisements, billboards, radio advertisements, newspaper advertisements just to name a few.In summary, the success of the self-cleaning bath tub relies greatly upon proper marketing. The company must have the right combination of all the elements of the marketing mix in order to produce desirable sales results. The mix will include the variables and apparatus that the company will use to satisfy the business objective and the needs of the potential customers. The marketing mix is the foundation of a marketing strategy, unless a new theory is developed and can convincingly replace it will continue to serve that purpose.The market mix is designed to accommodate the customer. Therefore, each aspect of the marketing mix is equally important . When the mix is being developed, all final decisions about the elements should be made at the same time. To summarize the marketing mix, a company develops a product that meets the needs and desires of customers. Then determines how the product will reach final customers. A promotion plan is then developed to inform the customer of the product. Finally, a price is established while ensuring the company earns a profit. Marketing Mix Table of Contents I. INTRODUCTION3 II. MARKET STRATEGY4 A. Product5 B. Price5 C. Place5 D. Process5 E. People6 F. Physical evidence6 G. Promotion6 III. ENVIRONMENT7 A. Macroenviroment7 B. Microenvironment8 IV. CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR9 V. MARKET TARGETING & POSITIONING10 A. Segmentation10 B. Target market12 C. Market positioning12 VI. CONCLUSION13 VII. References14 INTRODUCTION This report aims to identify various factors for success in the quality take-away food market. This will be accomplished by comparing two food service companies with a similar strategy – Crust Gourmet Pizza Bars and Real Burger World (RBW) – ended up with remarkably different results from the following aspects; marketing strategy, the environment, consumer behavior and target market and positioning. MARKET STRATEGY The foundation of both Crust and RBW was animated by a similar desire to provide a gourmet or higher quality take away food in the competitive fast food industry. Though, they came up with slightly different plans and implementations. |Crust Gourmet Pizza |Real Burger World | |People |†¢ Founder : previous experience as a manager of |†¢ One of the founders : successful experience in | | |a Pizza Restaurant |starting up a business | | |†¢ Training and management support for their |†¢ General manager replaced because of his lack of| | |franchises |experience in the industry | |Process |†¢ Long |†¢ Long | | |†¢ Preparati on in view of the customers |†¢ ‘guest' burger, customer invited to suggest a | | | |menu item |Physical Evidence |Dynamic, fashionable and modern : upmarket look |Typical burger shop | | |for upmarket target | | |Product |†¢ High quality and fresh |†¢ Real, natural and wholesome ingredients | | |†¢ Broad choice from traditional to original |†¢ Choice more or less diversified | | |taste (‘Asian touch') |†¢ Dynamic menu with gourmet burgers, handmade | | |†¢ Product on demand |fries | |Price |Restaurant prices, more expensive than the |Slightly above competitive brands (1? ore than | | |competitors |the existing competitors) | |Place |Shop, Internet Website, Phone |Shop | |Promotion |†¢ Heart Foundation Tick of approval & medias |†¢ TV Show â€Å"Risking it all† in 2episodes, | | |†¢ radio, local papers, letterbox drops, |†¢ Brochure handouts in the street | | |sponsorships |†¢ Protest in front of their co mpetitor store | | |†¢ Website | | | |†¢ reward card | | Table 1 Marketing strategy of both companies through the 7P’s 1 Product Both companies offer better value to their customers through the high and fresh quality of their product. This is the main advantage that differentiates themselves from their competitors. o Quality QualityWhile RBW provides â€Å"real, natural and wholesome ingredients† (Naz Choudhury, http://books. google. com. au/ ), Crust, sensitive to the new trend of healthy food, provides not only high quality food -with premium ingredients such as prosciutto, tiger prawns or smoked salmon- but also healthy food with six Heart Foundation Pizzas. o Variety They both offer a broad choice from traditional to original taste (‘Asian touch’ for Crust). What seems an advantage for Crust over RBW, and pizza restaurant is that Crust customers can compose their own pizza, though a common doing in the pizza fast food industry. 2 Price Because it is not trying to be cheaper than or as affordable as its competitors, unlike RBW, Crust chooses a clear different position from its competitors. Crust gets a premium price based on the product differentiation. 3 Place The place for the first shops gives an indication on the position of the firm. While Crust established their first shop in a suburb where people may have more time to wait for a longer process, RBW had their first shop in a dynamic street, in the city and a close walk from its competitors. Also Crust developed a delivery service with as many ways as possible to make their product available to overcome their geographic limitation. 4 Process Due to their position as higher and fresh quality food, both of these companies need a longer processing time for their product, than its competitors. Though, Crust found a way to compensate. The preparation in view of the customers increases the interaction between the staff and the customers and is visually exciting. This tactic is a way of creating delight for customers. A good point for RBW is the ‘guest’ burger. The customer is invited to take part in the creation of menu items. 5 People People working for the company are important since they contribute to the image of the firm. Crust understood this well, they made it an important part of their plan. They provide training and management support for their franchises to preserve brand identity and so, the atmosphere of the first shop. On the contrary, RBW showed an mistake from the start, the first General Manager of the store had no experience in the fast food industry. 6 Physical evidence The look of the store conveys the marketing message of the firm. It has to be in adequation with what the firm claims to provide, that includes also the differentiation from their competitors. Crust chose distinctive colours and a high class decor just as a gourmet firm would do. It gives satisfaction to customers who would expect greater value. On the other hand, though they hired professionals to design their store, RBW appeared to have missed the upmarket look and ended up looking like any other burger shop. 7 Promotion By earning the Heart Foundation Tick of approval, they consolidated their image differentiation, got the media attention as a short term promotion but also undoubtedly a long term promotion through this kind of sponsorship. They also use radio, local papers, letterbox drops, and sponsorships. Those tactics are important to build a strong brand identity. Crust is omnipresent so that they stay in potential customer’s minds. They developed a Website to go along with the technology orientated society and targeted customers. The use of a reward card is a way of retaining profitable customers. Whereas in the case of RBW, it is appearing in a TV show, the firm benefited from a priceless mass promotion to make their brand known. Nonetheless, they didn’t sustain themselves to this level and came up with only short term promotion. Protesting in front of their competitor store can be regarded as a desperate move to attract customers. From the analysis of these parameters, we can say that Crust has a well more developed strategy than RBW. When RBW’s main (unique) advantage is the higher quality food, Crust has developed a more complex strategy around the higher quality and healthy food and the service cape, regarded as a key to success. ENVIRONMENT This section discusses external and internal factors affecting Crust’s and RBW’s business. Four factors were chosen to outline their success/failure – Demographic forces (macro), socio-cultural forces (macro), corporate culture (micro), and competitive environment (micro). Macroenvironment are fairly common to the two firms as Australia and UK have similar cultural background and economic level. The factors which led these two firms to contrastive results could be found in microenvironment. [pic] 1 Macroenviroment o Demographic forces Understanding the demographic environment is of great importance as it â€Å"involves people, and people make up markets (Kotler, Adam, Denize and Armstrong, 2009: pp. 89)†. Changes in household types are beneficial trend for fast-food industry. The important demographic trend for fast-food industry is changes in household types. Increased number of one person, childless couple households increases the demand for convenient, ready-to-eat meals. Dual-income families made quality food affordable. The two firms targeted those new-type households. o Socio-cultural forces Businesses exists within society, therefore businesses can be influenced by society. To keep up with social changes may provide businesses with competitive advantages. The increased health awareness in society led the changing trend in consumer preferences to better-taste, fresher fast-food which perceived as healthier. Crust and RBW met this consumer trend. Another socio-cultural force is the trend towards choice. Both firms dealt with this trend by offering broad range of menu. 2 Microenvironment o Corporate culture Strong corporate culture helps to develop strong brand because people, internal and external to the company, can share similar values. Strong brand equity enables businesses to establish firm customer base and brand royalty, which in turn give businesses long-term growth and profitability. Crust has a clear corporate culture of â€Å"personality driven† based on â€Å"professionalism†, â€Å"entrepreneurship† and â€Å"teamwork and partnership with stores and customers† (www. crust. com. au, 2010). This is expressed to customers through store presentation and service, which serves as physical evidence to the customers. On the other hand, RBW’s culture was based on co-founders’ friendship. The business built on friendship can be fallen into amateurism resulted in various operational problems, which could reduce customer satisfaction. o Competitive environment Fast-food industry is highly competitive market and the competition is complex. Players in the market have to compete with huge multinational organizations such as McDonald’s, Subway and Pizza Hut as well as thousands of local take-away stores. To provide greater customer value and satisfaction than competitors, strategic analysis of competitive environment is crucial for businesses. Crust identified a gap in the pizza market in Australia, and then develops the strategy to fit them into the gap. Differentiation against competitors is the key factor to be successful in competitive market. Reflecting the tough competitive environment, crust aims to grow slowly and steady through good relationships with the stores and the customers (www. crust. com. au, 2010). RBW didn’t take it seriously compared to Crust because RBW were confident with the products and believed that consumers choose them once they tried their burger. The location choice for the first store was made by financial reason rather than strategic point of view. This resulted in direct competition with established fast-food brands such as McDonald’s and Burger King. CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR [pic] There is little difference between the fact that RBW and crust pizza are located in England and Australia respectively because both are industrialized nations and both are very similar culturally. As such, both are positively affected by the growing awareness of the benefits of healthier food, as well as an active desire for such food, especially in the age groups that both Crust and RBW caters to. There are three driving psychological influences on a customer to eat at crust pizza. The first is an aspirational one. The existing perception of high dining atering to educated, high earning professionals that crust has worked meticulously to build, and one of the results is that being seen to eat there is indicative of being a member of that particular demographic. [pic] Figure 3. Reasons for eating Fast Food http://shansenta. blogspot. com/2006_10_01 _archive. html The second influence is the imperative and willingness to pay for high quality food by the more discerning consumers. The third is one of safety, in the sense that crust delivers on time, with the correct pizza, in the same quality as in the store due to its specially made base. While the time take is longer, customers are satisfied as it is what they expect. RBW’s customers have different set of influences due to its geographical location in a less well off part of London where price is a significant factor. For the majority of consumers that frequent that particular part of London, the health benefits that RBW provided were not enough of an incentive to try the burgers. Also, it is the nature of burgers that they are quick. The reason for eating them is that it is a convenient way of eating and customers are unwilling to wait more than ten minutes for a burger that elsewhere they can get within one or two minutes. MARKET TARGETING & POSITIONING 1 Segmentation The basis of a long term marketing strategy, as well as the initial success of the business requires a target market to be identified and the business positioned satisfy the needs of the chosen market. |Crust Gourmet Pizza |Real Burger World | |Geographic segmentation |- Distributed around Australia ; NSW, ACT and |- Opened the first store in London in mid 2003 | | |Victoria – An expansion in |- Located in a street with other fast food stores| | |Singapore | | |Demographic Segmentation |- Targeting the age of 18-39 years old including|- Targeting the people with the age of 20-40 | | |families and high incomes including middle class|years old and high incomes | | |and upper class. Targeting | | | |consumers from diverse nationality | | |Psychographic Segmentation |- Targeting the people with a healthy lifestyle |- Targeting consumers with a healthy and busy | | | |lifestyle | |Behavioural Segmentation |- Targeting for the middle and upper class who |- Some of consumers would have negative attitudes| | |would have purchase occasions frequently |due to some failure on plans. | Table 2. Comparison of segmentation between Crust and RBW o Geographic Segmentation Most firms have national marketing programmes which adjust their products and promotions to satisfy the individual needs of geographic units. Geographic Segmentation can be the most important process which  brings to light  the  difference between the case of Crust and RBW. For Crust, it  is distributed in the main cities of Australia include d Sydney, Melbourne, Queensland and Victoria. The stores  are located in various suburbs. This implies two factors of geographic segmentation being region and population density. This  indicates a  greater opportunity  for the  success of  the company due to its location. On the other hand,  the first RBW store  was located in a street with other fast-food stores containing McDonald’s and Burger King. This evidently demonstrates that there is more competition and hence  the  potential of losing customers to  the other major food chains. RBW would be forced to compete against eminent and familiar  fast-food outlets. In this case, having just  launched their first outlet,  it would contribute to decreasing their earnings. o Demographic Segmentation The Crust has targeted  an age group ranging between 18-39 years of age. Additionally,  they are more likely focussing on middle and upper class demographics. We can assume that RBW also has targeted  a similar  demographic of consumers  to that of  the Crust. This can be classified  as demographic segmentation. Each business  targets a specific demographic that they feel the product or service would be most likely to attract. With that, the company will be able to set out its goals, marketing strategies and prices according to that chosen demographic. It clearly shows that both the Crust and RBW have targeted  appropriate level of consumers who would become big fans of the restaurant. In addition demographic factor is very influential on marketing strategy because consumer usage and needs are variable since each individual has different taste desires in  products depending on how old they are, what family life cycle they have or what occupation or income they have. o Psychographic Segmentation The Crust has an aim to change the perception of pizza from  that of a  cheap food to more of one that can be classified as a healthier choice. Accordingly, this will appeal to  those people who have a healthy lifestyle  or are conscious about their diet. This strategy  would lead to  further success in their business as not only will they be able to  maintain the number of existing customers,  they would also  be  attracting a new line of customers. For instance, through education and the media people are  increasingly gaining more awareness with regards to their diet and healthy living. With that in mind, the public will be less inclined to  eat unhealthily and would begin to focus  on maintaining a healthy diet. This  is a  clear indication  that people would  choose Crust rather than Dominos or Pizza Hut because of their marketing strategy. As well as in the case of RBW, they  have tried  to develop  the idea that burgers, if  served correct, can  be considered as  an extremely healthy  meal and not simply  another form of junk food. This also would appeal to  the public to  dine  at RBW as it appeals to the present values the public upholds. o Behavioural Segmentation One of the factors in behavioural Segmentation is purchase occasion. In the case of both Crust and RBW, they have targeted  a demographic of  high income earners  and this has  lead to  an escalating  chance  of increasing their earnings. Since pizzas and burgers are the most favorable food for parties, gatherings and meals,  the public is guaranteed  to purchase these foods on a frequent basis. But consumers may have different attitudes towards Crust and RBW. The Crust has been well-known as a  Ã¢â‚¬Ëœpersonality driven culture’ whereas the RBW has negative aspects associated with their food chain  since they failed with some launch tactics such as brochure handouts and a free burger day. With knowledge of such aspects, the public will most likely respond accordingly and think twice about RBW and it's few slip-ups. 2 Target market For target market there are several different strategies ; undifferentiated marketing, differentiated marketing and concentrated marketing. Firstly, undifferentiated marketing is to ignore the specific market segments and approach the whole market with one market offer. Secondly, differentiated marketing is a marketing that determines to target several market segments and design separate offers for each. Lastly, concentrated marketing is choosing one large market or few submarkets. It clearly shows that both Crust and RWB are concentrated marketers since concentrated marketing provides a means  for small firms to compete against other larger companies and to gain a foothold in the food industry. 3 Market positioning Market positioning is the final part of step, involving developing a positioning for the target market, followed by the marketing mix. Crust pizza positioned their stores to be attractive to the market outlined. The relatively high price per pizza reflects their positioning as a gourmet pizza restaurant, though offering delivery services as well to expand the reach of their business. The restraint ambiance and staff trained in customer service helps differentiate Crust as a higher class of dining than its competitors. It’s certification by the national heart foundation also gives proof to its claims of healthy pizza, swaying those skeptical of those marketing gimmicks and again differentiating it from competitors. RBW however, positioned both physically and otherwise to be in direct competition with existing fast food outlets. Located in a part of London where price is the defining factor, it is similar in price to McDonalds, contradicting its projected image of gourmet burgers. Customers have also commented that the shop feels similar to burger king, losing the perception of healthy food, and thus customers. Unlike crust, it’s burgers are not certified as healthy, though it’s stating of nutritional values of its burgers is a positive move, similar actions by McDonalds and other fast food outlets dilutes the impact of that move. Had it gone with its initial location at a more high priced part of London, the outcome may be very different. CONCLUSION In conclusion, there are a number of factors that determine the success or failure of a business such as those of a gourmet fast food such as RBW and Crust pizza. These factors range from the elements in the marketing strategy to the target market and market positioning, both planned and execution. The importance of these factors can be illustrated by the difference between Crust Pizza and RBW, given the similarity of their environmental and cultural factors. It is RBW’s failure to understand the nature of their product and the behavior and influences on their customers that lead to RBW’s eventual downfall. Crust pizza, on the other hand, well understood these factors and created an appropriate strategy and focused on the correct target market to claim success. References INTERNET Crust website, http://www. crust. com. au/ Momentary Musings, http://shansenta. blogspot. com/2006_10_01_archive. html Wikinvest, http://www. wikinvest. com/stock/Wendy%27s_International_%28WEN%29 BOOK Kotler P, Adam, S, Denize S, & Armstrong, G. , 2009,. Principles of Marketing, 4th ed, Pearson Education. Australia, Frenchs Forest, NSW ———————– Figure1. Market shares of the Major Players in the Fast Food Industry http://www. wikinvest. com/stock/Wendy%27s_International_%28WEN%29 Figure2. Pie chart of Consumer behaviour on Frequency of Fast Food http://shansenta. blogspot. com/2006_10_01_archive. html